Titration is a chemical analysis method for determining the concentration of a solution using the titration formula. The method for determining the concentration of a solution is by reacting it with another solution whose concentration has been previously known. A solution whose concentration has been known is hereinafter referred to as a frozen solution. The purpose of the titration itself is to find out the pH of a chemical substance.
Types of Titration
In order for the titration to work well, the process must meet conditions such as the emergence of a reaction quickly. To help bring about the rapid reaction it is necessary to use a catalyst. After that, the stochiometric equation will be clear and the reaction will be simple. Plus, there are no side reactions that can affect the main reaction. To be able to learn the titration formula, let's get to know the following four types of titration.
1. Redox Titration
Redox titration or shortened redox titration is the process of transferring electrons from oxidizing agents to reducing agents. Reduction is a reaction to gain an electron, whereas oxidation is a reaction of releasing electrons. Therefore, a redox reaction is a reaction of accepting and releasing electrons. Redox titrations are generally divided into three types:
1. Iodometric titration, using I2 which is also an indirect reaction because I2 must be made first with the previous redox reaction.
2. Iodimetric titration, is the opposite of Iodometry in which I2 is used directly in the form of I2 or is called a direct reaction.
3. Permanganometric titration, using Mn2 + ions. The indicator used is starch which forms a complex with blue I2. Apart from this indicator, you can also use an auto-indicator.
2. Complexation Titration
Complexation titration is a titration that uses a complex ion formation reaction. This type of titration is usually used for analysis of metal content in the sample solution.
3. Acid-Base Titration
This type of titration is a quantitative analysis method based on the acid-base reaction. Acid-base titration can also be used to calculate the concentration of acid in a solution by titrating a alkaline solution whose concentration is known, or vice versa. The acid-base titration formula is divided into two, namely monovalent acid-base titration and polyvalent acid-base titration.
Also read: Understanding Acid-Base Titration
4. Argentometric titration
Argentometric titration is a special type of titration for precipitation reactions. The general principle of this titration is the solubility and solubility product constant of the reacting reagents.
Argentometric titration is further divided into three types, namely the Mohr method, the Volhard method, and the Fajans method. In the Mohr method, the end point of the titration is the turbidity level of the sample solution. The Volhard method makes use of an indicator that reacts with excess standard solutions and forms complex ions of a certain color. Finally, the Fajans method uses absorption indicators.
Also read: Understanding Potentiometric Titration and Its Functions
Acid-Base Titration Formulas
To use the monovalent acid-base titration formula, you need to follow the following calculation method:
Macid x Vacid = Mbase x Vbase
Meanwhile, the formula for the polyvalent acid-base titration is
Macid x Vacid x acidic valence = Mbase x Vbase x base valence
To be clearer, let's consider an example of an acid-base titration problem:
A total of 50 mL of 0.25 M sulfuric acid solution is titrated with a monovalent base. It turns out that 55 mL of the base is needed to carry out the titration process. Calculate the thickness of the base that needs to be used!
Answer:
The neutralization reaction occurs between sulfuric acid H2SO4 (a strong acid with two valences) and a base with one valence. The calculation is as follows:
Macid x Vbase x acidic valence = Mbase x Vbase x base valence
0.25 x 50 x 2 = Mbase x 55 x 1
Mbasa = (0.25 x 50 x 2) / (55 x 1)
Mbasa = 0.45
Measurement of titration, of course, uses a variety of tools such as statives, burettes, suction rubber, burettes, Erlenmeyer tubes, dropper pipettes, measuring flasks, watch glasses, and volume pipettes. In this case, Hyprowira can help you get the titration tool you need. Hyprowira provided the titration tool in collaboration with Mettler Toledo.
Mettler Toledo is a global manufacturer offering precision instruments and services for use in laboratories and manufacturing. When you use a product from Mettler Toledo, it's guaranteed to increase productivity, streamline processes, achieve compliance with regulatory requirements, and also optimize costs. So, now that you have learned the titration formula, you can contact Hyprowira to support your titration process.
Also read: How to Use Karl Fischer Titration You Need to Understand
