Vibration is the motion of an object back and forth from its equilibrium point in a certain period of time. Every object that has mass and elasticity must experience vibrations, including machines. The vibration on the machine can even indicate the condition of the machine. To understand more about vibration, especially as it relates to machines, consider the following explanation.
Understanding vibration
As mentioned above, vibration is the back and forth motion of an object from its equilibrium point (rest position). Vibration is related to the oscillatory motion of an object, which is repetitive motion on an object. Actually, vibration is a type of oscillatory motion, to be precise mechanical oscillation.
As objects that have mass and elasticity, machines can experience vibrations to a certain degree. In connection with this, there are two types of vibrations that are commonly found, namely:
1. Vibration free
This type of vibration occurs because the object is oscillating, precisely because the forces within the object are acting alone (inherent). In other words, free vibrations occur without any external stimulus. The force works because of a dynamic system formed from mass distribution.
2. Forced vibration
If free vibration occurs in the absence of a stimulus from outside the object, the forced vibration is just the opposite. These vibrations arise because of a stimulus from outside the object. The force from outside the object oscillates with the stimulus frequency thereby forcing the system inside the object to vibrate.
Vibration measurement method
The purpose of vibration measurement is to find out data related to object vibrations. The data is then used as a benchmark in assessing the condition of the object (in this case the machine). For industrial machines that are always in operation, vibration measurements should be carried out regularly. Measurements should also be made before and after engine repair.
Then, what is the vibration measurement method like? Vibration measurement can be done by using a vibration analyzer. Vibration analyzer is a device that can measure the amplitude and frequency of vibration of objects. In addition, vibration analyzer also provides vibration spectrum data that can be used for machine failure analysis.
Vibration measurements on machines also require a transducer. The transducer functions to convert vibration signals into electrical signals. Usually, the transducer used in vibration measuring instruments is the acceleration type because of its wide frequency range capacity (10-10000 Hz) so that it can identify damage to the engine.
Unit of measurement for vibration
In measuring vibration, several units are used, namely the peak to peak price and the root means square (RMS) price. Here's the explanation:
1. Peak to peak value
Peak to peak is a unit of vibration with the value of the amplitude originating from a sinusoidal (sinusoidal) wave, calculated from the upper limit to the lower limit. Usually this unit is used to measure the displacement of a movement in mils or microns. In peak-to-peak price units, there is also a peak price, which is half the peak price.
2.Root means square (RMS) price
Root means square (RMS) is a unit of vibration that is often used in classifying the severity of machine vibrations. The RMS price measures the effective energy of a machine to produce vibrations. The sinusoidal motion of the RMS price is 0.707 times the peak price. Meanwhile, the average sine wave price is 0.636 times the peak price.
It can be concluded that vibration is the movement of an object back and forth from its equilibrium point in a period of time. In machines, vibration can be used as an indicator to identify damage. Machine measurement with a vibration meter will help you detect errors in the machine early.
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